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• What happens when judgments are delayed
• Backlog will hinder promotion
• Help busy judges to speed up work
KUALA LUMPUR: Justice is sometimes not done in Malaysian courts even after judgment has been passed. There are numerous horror stories of how the accused languished in prison just because judges did not provide written judgments.
In one case, a man withdrew an appeal against 12 years’ imprisonment and 10 strokes of the rotan on a dadah trafficking charge as his jail term had come to an end while waiting for the appeal to be heard.
The delay in hearing the appeal had been due to the judge not submitting a written judgment.
The worst cut of all was that the accused took all the strokes of the rotan at once before leaving jail — knowing that his sentence may have been reduced or overturned on appeal. In another case in 1984, an accused charged with trafficking dadah was found guilty in 1988.
When his case went on appeal to the Supreme Court in December 1993 — a good five years later — the bench substituted the death sentence with 20 years’ imprisonment.
The judges had felt that the long delay in handing down the written judgment had prejudiced the accused.
If one thought that these were the worst case scenarios, there’s more.
A Federal Court judge has at least 30 outstanding judgments accumulated from his High Court days that include dadah trafficking and murder cases.
How he is going to come up with the written judgments is anyone’s guess, especially as he will also have to provide judgments on cases before the Federal Court.
This glaring weakness in the judicial system has irked the legal fraternity to the extent that calls are being made to only appoint judicial officers who can deliver written grounds on time.
One lawyer even suggested that judges who had been issued warnings not to delay written judgments should be hauled up before a tribunal to answer for their recalcitrance.
The Bar Council says the only solution to this vexing problem is the setting up of an independent judicial commission to appoint and promote judges.
Its vice-president, Ragunath Kesavan, said the problem could have been arrested early if candidates had been properly vetted before being appointed judicial commissioners.
"This is why we have been canvassing hard for the need to set up an independent judicial commission to appoint and promote judges," he said.
Ragunath said written judgments were critical in the dispensing of justice.
The council will be sending out a circular soon to get feedback from members on cases where judgments had not been provided.
This will be forwarded to the chief justice for action to be taken so that judges will put their judgments in writing.
"We hope that he will also reveal the number of outstanding judgments," he added.
Lawyer Karpal Singh said existing procedures on delivering decisions and judgments were indefinite with many judges reserving decisions after a trial.
"At the next date, they are still unable to deliver (decisions)," he said, adding that he had at least five cases that could not be appealed as judgments were not ready.
He said some gave decisions without stating reasons.
Karpal said judges who accumulated judgments simply gave up after some time as they could not recollect the facts of the case.
"One has to look into the demeanour of the witnesses to better appreciate the facts of the case.
"This would have been fresh in their mind if judgments were written soon after the trial."
Lawyer Gurbachan Singh said prisoners facing capital punishment would be under even greater pressure if their appeals could not be heard because of delayed written judgments.
He said family members were also left emotionally drained due to the uncertainty.
Relatives of the accused were sometimes not convinced when told that the appeal process had stalled because the trial judge had not provided grounds for his judgment.
Gurbachan has two cases where judges passed the death penalty without written judgments.
"And yet, the two judges who heard the cases, have been promoted to the Court of Appeal," he said.
Kuala Lumpur Bar Criminal Practice Committee chairman N. Sivananthan said some judges were causing grave injustice to convicts and to the Attorney-General’s Chambers.
"One must remember justice is not only for the convicted person but also for the state," he said.
He said failure to write or delay judgments for appeal purposes was tantamount to a denial of justice.
"Whether a judge is brilliant is a secondary point. The primary consideration is that he must provide a judgment for the aggrieved party to enable them to appeal or else the administration of justice is jammed."
He said the accused has the right to finality in his or her case and a chance to exhaust all channels of appeal.
"A person charged with a criminal offence wants his name cleared soon while a party in a civil proceeding wants to enjoy the fruits of the litigation."
He said every judge had an important role in taking legal disputes to their natural conclusion.
What happens when judgments are delayed
A CASE of justice delayed, justice denied? Examples of what happens when written judgments are not provided. Case No 1:
A man was convicted of dadah trafficking in the late 1980s and sentenced to death but the trial judge took a long time in providing the written judgment.
Lawyer Karpal Singh, who appeared for the man, argued before the Supreme Court that the delay had led to manifest injustice.
The late Tan Sri Hashim Yeop Sani, who led the bench, substituted the death penalty with life imprisonment of 20 years. The accused was freed because of the long remand period and later stay on death row.
Case No 2:
Two years ago, former national athletics coach C. Ramanathan won an appeal to clear his name on two molest charges.
One of the grounds cited was the delay of close to five years for the Sessions Court judge to provide a written judgment.
He had been charged in October 1994 on two counts of outraging the modesty of two underage girls in 1992 and convicted on Nov 8, 1996. But the grounds of judgment were only made available on Oct 26, 2001.
Case No 3:
A desperate housewife wrote to Chief Justice Tun Ahmad Fairuz Sheikh Abdul Halim seeking his help to expedite her husband’s appeal over his conviction on a kidnapping charge.
The High Court in Shah Alam found the husband guilty of the offence on May 16, 2005. She wrote to the top judge in August last year and sent another letter in January this year.
As a result, the Court of Appeal Registrar sent a letter to the Shah Alam High Court Deputy Registrar in February to prepare the record of appeals, which included the judgment. But there was no reply.
Counsel Gurbachan Singh, who appeared for the man, sent another letter last week enquiring if the judgment was ready.
Meanwhile, the judge who heard the case has been promoted. It may now be up to the Chief Justice to decide on the next course of action.
Case No 4:
In 2000, the High Court in Penang found a man guilty of dadah trafficking and sentenced him to 12 years’ jail and 10 strokes of the rotan.
An appeal could not be heard as the judge did not make the judgment available.
The long stay in prison soon came to an end after the deduction of one-third of the sentence on remission.
His counsel, R.S.N. Rayer, advised his client, who wanted badly to be a free man, to withdraw the appeal. The man took the 10 strokes at one go before his release in 2002.
Backlog will hinder promotion
CHIEF Justice of the Federal Court Tun Ahmad Fairuz Sheikh Abdul Halim said on Wednesday that judges with a backlog of written grounds of judgment would not be considered for promotion. The top judge said this was one of the factors taken into account before judges were elevated. There is a circular that states that judges should complete writing their grounds within eight weeks of a trial if there is a notice for an appeal.
Help busy judges to speed up work
KUALA LUMPUR: Judges presiding over lengthy criminal trials should be excused from hearing other cases to allow them time to complete their written judgment. Lawyer M. Kulasegaran said this would give judges sufficient time and peace of mind for the task at hand.
"In the meantime, a relief judge could be sent to hear cases in that court," he said.
Kulasegaran said some judges were so meticulous in arriving at decisions that they did their own research before arriving at conclusions.
"They may do so as submissions by parties are sometimes inadequate and incomplete. However, by going the extra mile, they may delay the writing of judgments." He also suggested that judges be given the freedom to hand-pick competent research officers and stenographers to assist them.
"These people can help the judge in writing judgments in the shortest time possible."
Lawyer Hisham Teh Poh Teik suggested that court rules be amended to allow appellants in criminal cases to submit appeals using notes of evidence and reasons in point form.
"But for the time being, it is still better for a judge to give reasons for his decision. He could elaborate later in the event of an appeal."
Hisham said this was important as it would enable the losing party to decide on what grounds they could lodge an appeal.
"Should the parties appeal and there are no written grounds, the appellate court could hear the appeals by relying on the summarised points when the decision was handed down."
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Circular No 106/2012: Accountant’s Report 2011
Dear CJ, are you sure judges with a backlog of written ground of judgment will not be considered for promotion??
Our CJ has never failed to awake us by making stunning statements. On the issue of promotion of judges, he firstly said it needs not be based on seniority, now with a 'fresh' criteria where those with a backlog of judgments will not be considered;
Perhaps the subordinates to our CJ should do a better job by checking any judges in the Court of Appeal and Federal Court to see if any of them has not cleared their own backlog before the CJ releasing his statement publicly. Now the papers had revealed that ONE Federal Court judge and FEW Court of Appeal judges had 'contributed' to the backlog of ground of judgments yet they all had been promoted. So, which is which?How could they expect the respectful CJ to now swallow his own words?? A big slap like this in the eyes of the public is absolutely embarrassing.
Shim Wai Loon